Minerals have different colors, some identical to others. This is caused by the absorption, or non-absorption of light by atomic bonds. Bonds of different metals produce different colors. Usually these metals are transition metals. So, here's some more I didn't know...minerals are made when a combination of atoms are forced to solidify, forming an organized crystalline structure. When this happens slowly, larger crystals are formed. A rock is different, as it is multiple crystals of one or more minerals.
The most common minerals are: quartz (hardness of 7), feldspar, mica, olivine, calcite, magnetite, and iron. Gemstones are mostly silicates, which are very stable, hard minerals. They are resistant to abrasion, fracturing, and chemical reactions.
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